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Hepatitis B

How does Hepatitis B virus infection cause human disease?


It is difficult to replicate the complexity of the liver using cell lines and primary human hepatocyte cultures. The specificity of HBV means that few suitable animal models exist. The lack of suitable model systems limits the study of HBV and the development of new therapeutics.

HBV attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. It is one of the most common infectious diseases globally and the inflammation caused by HBV can lead to cirrhosis, impaired liver function, and an increased risk of liver cancer.

Traditional 2D cell lines and animal models such as humanized liver mice don’t provide long-term, highly functional liver models that replicate the physiological environment needed for HBV infection.

Our solution

The primary human hepatocyte cultures in our Liver-on-a-chip can be infected with HBV and maintained for at least 40 days, enabling the recapitulation of the entire HBV life cycle.

Infection with viral inoculum leads to long-term expression of antigens and viral DNA, allowing the anti-HBV response of drugs across a range of modalities to be evaluated.

The PhysioMimix™ HBV Assay shows increased expression of NTCP, the liver bile acid transporter that is key to initiating the HBV infection in the liver, which is not present in 2D models. This assay also provides greater cumulative increases in the HBV surface antigen replicating the in vivo environment more closely.

Innate immune and cytokine responses after infection with HBV mimic those observed in HBV-infected patients. This allows the study of pathways that are important for immune evasion and the validation of biomarkers.

Hepatitis B cells

Studying HBV

Limitations with current techniques

  • Infection of primary human hepatocytes requires high multiplicity of infection (MOI)
  • Few systems allow the study of immune response and host/pathogen interactions
  • Cancer cell lines expressing HBV have limited physiological relevance
  • Humanized mouse models are fragile, slow, and expensive

Advancements with PhysioMimix OOC

  • Stable culture at reduced MOI
  • Enables detailed longitudinal analysis of hepatocytes, non-parenchymal cells, and circulating immune cells
  • Primary hepatocyte model expresses full liver function and complete HBV life cycle
  • Human models available in days not months

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Infected liver microtissues recapitulate the complete HBV lifecycle 


Following 10 days post-infection Hepatocyte and Kupffer cell microtissues are stained for the expression of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg – green) and HBV core antigen (HBcAg – red).

Ortega-Prieto et al., 2019

Mock, day 10 cells
HBV infected cells, day 10

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HBV infection can be launched from multiple sources of virus


Increasing levels of virus inoculum launch varying degrees of infection within the liver microtissues as assessed by the production of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and secreted HBV DNA.

Ortega-Prieto et al., 2019

Increasing levels of virus inoculum line graph
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Add PhysioMimix OOC into your lab


Harness the power of PhysioMimix OOC in your own lab with the purchase of a single- or multi-organ microphysiological system. With a growing community of users and support from our experts, there has never been a better time to transition into 3D cell culture.

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Featured resources

Scientific publications

3D microfluidic liver cultures as a physiological preclinical tool for hepatitis B virus infection |

3D microfluidic liver cultures as a physiological preclinical tool for hepatitis B virus infection

Scientific publications

Liver on a Chip Hepatitis B 2019 Graphic |

“Liver-on-a-Chip” Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

View all Hepatitis B related resources

Speak to our experts

Speak directly with one of our OOC experts to see how our products and services can support your studies

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Latest news

  • The FDA further expands collaboration with CN Bio to evaluate the PhysioMimix Multi-organ microphysiological system January 17, 2023
  • The U.S. FDA Modernization Act 2.0. Now the animal testing mandate is removed, learn what can be embraced in its place. January 9, 2023
  • CN Bio appoints Dr Paul Brooks as Chief Executive Officer December 19, 2022

Upcoming events

MPS World Summit 2023 June 26-30, 2023

SLAS Europe 2023 May 22-26, 2023

SLAS2023 February 25 - March 1, 2023